Key characteristics of the Turkish language
88 Million Speakers | Official in 2 Countries | 29 Latin Letters | 13th Century Origins
Language Reform | 8 Vowels | Extensive Suffix System
Turkic Language Family
Belongs to the Oghuz branch of Turkic languages, closely related to Azerbaijani and Turkmen, with more distant connections to Central Asian Turkic languages.
Alphabet Revolution
Underwent a dramatic script change in 1928 from Arabic to Latin alphabet as part of Atatürk's modernization reforms, significantly increasing literacy rates.
Agglutinative Structure
Forms complex words by adding multiple suffixes to unchanging stems, potentially creating single words that translate to entire sentences in English.
Vowel Harmony
Features a systematic vowel harmony where suffixes change form to match the front/back and rounded/unrounded qualities of vowels in the word stem.
Language Purification
Underwent extensive language reform in the 20th century, replacing many Arabic and Persian loanwords with newly created Turkish words or revived archaic terms.
SOV Word Order
Follows Subject-Object-Verb sentence structure (unlike English) with modifiers preceding what they modify, creating nested sentence constructions.
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